I have strong feelings about how great CAD-Ray has been. I purchased a medit i500 scanner from my lap, they wanted to use it for courses which aren't happening now so he didn't want to be sitting with this expensive piece of technology sitting aroun...read moreI have strong feelings about how great CAD-Ray has been. I purchased a medit i500 scanner from my lap, they wanted to use it for courses which aren't happening now so he didn't want to be sitting with this expensive piece of technology sitting around. Before purchasing he and I both talked to the Nobel sales rep who assured me that everything would transfer over just fine. I was concerned about the learning curve and wanted to be sure that I would have tech support. I asked the rep directly and he assured me again that everything would be great and he would come do an in-depth training with me. Long story short, the sales rep had no clue what he was doing and put very little effort in to helping me once the purchase was complete. I asked him over the phone how to do a few things and his response was to call CAD-Ray. They explained that this happens, they would love to help me but asked that I purchase the service package. That was a game changer. Now all of my questions getting answered, their response time is amazing and their understanding of the machine is by far better then the Nobel reps. The scanner is great but combine that with their tech support and I feel like I'm set up for success. If I were to do this again, I would skip the headache of trying to save a little bit of money and purchase it through CAD-Ray. But even with making the mistake, I feel like they have programs and support set up to point me in the right direction.read less - 10/15/2020
Lora Wonderly
Thank you Frank DeLuca for being so accessible and making everything right again! Customer service is above and beyond. We also love our Medit Scanner - we would be lost without it! - 1/25/2023
K. Banani
Amazing customer service. I haven’t ever worked with a company where there is an issue, you can immediately get help and assistance and so far have not had an issue that CADRAY wasn’t able to fix. They made the process buy buying and maintaining a sc...read moreAmazing customer service. I haven’t ever worked with a company where there is an issue, you can immediately get help and assistance and so far have not had an issue that CADRAY wasn’t able to fix. They made the process buy buying and maintaining a scanner seamless. Highly recommend!read less - 2/23/2024
Aaron LaRock
Dentist here. Bought a scanner, mill and 3d printer with Cad-Ray. I don't know what I'd do if I bought these items without their support. They've helped me so much and are awesome. I felt I had to repay by writing them this nice review. You won't reg...read moreDentist here. Bought a scanner, mill and 3d printer with Cad-Ray. I don't know what I'd do if I bought these items without their support. They've helped me so much and are awesome. I felt I had to repay by writing them this nice review. You won't regret getting whatever you need through Cad Ray.read less - 3/15/2024
Zachary Hickman
High quality scanner. Super fast. Have been happy with the support that Cad-Ray has offered. I really like the innovative technology that medit allows users to implement into their practice. - 10/13/2021
Everyone at CAD Ray has been amazing. Glad I chose them for my Medit and Sprint Ray purchase. Our training with Kaila was awesome. Thank you - 1/04/2023
Jared H
Purchasing my medit i700 from Cad-Ray was a great decision. I did my first training with Kaila and she was fantastic! Super knowledgeable, patient and truly helpful in making sure I was ready to hit the ground running with patient care. I put a call ...read morePurchasing my medit i700 from Cad-Ray was a great decision. I did my first training with Kaila and she was fantastic! Super knowledgeable, patient and truly helpful in making sure I was ready to hit the ground running with patient care. I put a call into cad-ray support in the middle of a case and sure enough Kaila was also the one to answer and handle the situation. She jumped right on my computer and had things fixed in a matter of a few minutes. Awesome support, great staff and overall super positive experience with Cad-ray thus far!read less - 5/06/2022
Rebecca Booth
Great scanner easy to use with the software. Definitely recommend the i700 scanner. Great customer service from Laura. - 12/09/2021
William Neurauter
As a small office, making the move to digital impression dentistry was a rather large commitment. After much research we settled on the Medit i500. We almost purchased from our implant supplier but were less than impressed with their training and...read moreAs a small office, making the move to digital impression dentistry was a rather large commitment. After much research we settled on the Medit i500. We almost purchased from our implant supplier but were less than impressed with their training and support options. After additional research we found Cad-Ray and couldn't be happier that we purchased from them. Their online tutorials and live support have been second to none. Having such a great support network behind the Medit made the transition and purchase so much better than it could have been had we gone a different route.read less - 11/30/2021
Finally going digital and Cad-Ray was the place to start. Got the Medit i500 and began scanning right away. Now I am doing digital dentures, making my own surgical stents, etc. The support available is the best. "Frank" is always available! :) - 10/09/2019
I ordered a VHF N4+ from CadRay. About two weeks after the order was placed, they called me up and said, “VHF just got an exclusive with “The Big Boys” so they are cutting ties with all the little ind...read moreI’d like to tell you a story about CAD-Ray.com.
I ordered a VHF N4+ from CadRay. About two weeks after the order was placed, they called me up and said, “VHF just got an exclusive with “The Big Boys” so they are cutting ties with all the little independent distributors. They just called us, and we just found out. What this means is that we won’t be able to provide you service after purchasing the VHF mill that you just bought.”
Now, they could have just left it at that. They could have said, “Sorry, it’s out of our hands.” They could have said, “We appreciate your business, but it’s not our fault.” They could have said, “That’s the way the cookie crumbles.”
But they didn’t.
Frank Weinstein calls me up and tells me that they want to make this right, so they are going to hook me up with a brand new Imes Coritec One+ for the same price as the VHF. The Coritec One+ is like the Mercedes of mills for in-office. This is the new model that just barely came out. It is a 5 axis mill. It does wet and dry milling. It does blocks and pucks. It mills all materials know to man, including Vibranium. It can also fly the space shuttle, and make all your wishes and dreams come true. It’s that good. It came with the laptop, Exocad, all the tools, and all the bells and whistles. It came fully loaded. It came white glove delivered to my office. It came with in office training. It came with the extra bur package. It came with everything and the kitchen sink.
So, I paid 36k for a mill, and because of something that was not Cad-Rays fault, they ended up giving me a 60k mill for the same price.
In the words of the great Tony Stark: “That’s how Dad did it. That’s how Cad-Ray does it. And it’s worked out pretty well so far.”
Thank you Frank Weinstein and Armen Mirzayan for having outstanding customer service and going the extra mile every time.read less - 4/02/2021
Thomas Lim
Just updating my post to show my cart setup. Hope it can help for someone :) - 10/12/2019
The customer service has been top notch, every single time. I have only good things to say about them. - 4/05/2022
Obdulia Rondon
Thanks for delivering amazing courses. Always thinking beyond dentistry. Thanks for sharing all so selflessly. - 11/13/2022
Milton Ruiz
Best customer service I have ever experienced from any company I have worked with! They alway answer the phone and are ready to help with whatever question you may have. Love that I do not have to press 500 buttons to get to a live person. Bought my...read moreBest customer service I have ever experienced from any company I have worked with! They alway answer the phone and are ready to help with whatever question you may have. Love that I do not have to press 500 buttons to get to a live person. Bought my Medit from them and could not be happier with decision!read less - 12/20/2022
Ryan Anardi
Just ordered my i700 yesterday and it ships today. Customer support has been amazing in answering all my questions completely. Looking forward to my delivery day like a kid at Christmas. - 11/03/2021
Overall great company to work with. They sell wondeful products and give stellar service for a much lower price than any of the supply houses. I can't recommend them enough. - 8/19/2022
Jim Ellis
I've only worked with this company for a short time but I have found them to be wonderful in every way. Call, emails, and texts are returned very quickly and the equipment that we have purchased works wonderfully. I would highly recommend. Dr Jim Ell...read moreI've only worked with this company for a short time but I have found them to be wonderful in every way. Call, emails, and texts are returned very quickly and the equipment that we have purchased works wonderfully. I would highly recommend. Dr Jim Ellisread less - 5/12/2020
Nancy Hartrick
I am absolutely in love with my MEDIT i700, as is my entire staff. The Medit i700 is reliable, fast, easy to use and the software is incredibly intuitive. I couldn't be happier with the team at CAD-Ray. They are true professionals, and very hands and...read moreI am absolutely in love with my MEDIT i700, as is my entire staff. The Medit i700 is reliable, fast, easy to use and the software is incredibly intuitive. I couldn't be happier with the team at CAD-Ray. They are true professionals, and very hands and responsive in terms of their support and training. Thank you to the entire team.read less - 8/24/2021
Very pleased with the EXCELLENT support we have received from Frank DeLuca! Loving our new Medit so far, definitely more user friendly than our previous one. - 6/02/2022
ryan ku
I've been using this for almost 2 months now and I just love it. At this price point, ROI is a no-brainer. The convenience factor is amazing. I only did the DIY online training and I'm pretty confident doing the scan. I've signed up for the actual ...read moreI've been using this for almost 2 months now and I just love it. At this price point, ROI is a no-brainer. The convenience factor is amazing. I only did the DIY online training and I'm pretty confident doing the scan. I've signed up for the actual course so looking forward to seeing it's greater potentials.read less - 10/14/2019
Before working with cad-ray, I was hesitant to dive into digital dentistry due to the complexity of it. Working with Laura at cad-ray made all of my concerns go away. She was there to help me with my Exocad software installation, even outside of norm...read moreBefore working with cad-ray, I was hesitant to dive into digital dentistry due to the complexity of it. Working with Laura at cad-ray made all of my concerns go away. She was there to help me with my Exocad software installation, even outside of normal business hours - really hard to come by! I also purchased a Medit i500 and getting that setup and working in my clinic was seamless. I could not have asked for better support while navigating digital dentistry. My next purchase will be a 3D printer, and i know exactly where i will buy it from! Highly recommend these guys.read less - 11/20/2020
Cody Kriegel
Frank and the Cad Ray team have been nothing short of amazing. I continue to purchase digital equipment from Cad Ray because their support is unlike any in the dental industry. Frank has been instrumental in helping my team get the most out of our pr...read moreFrank and the Cad Ray team have been nothing short of amazing. I continue to purchase digital equipment from Cad Ray because their support is unlike any in the dental industry. Frank has been instrumental in helping my team get the most out of our products.read less - 1/25/2023
Brian Wilkinson
This company is genuinely amazing. Amazingly good products, but the thing that sets them apart is the support. Frank and Sean have answered any questions I have unbelievably fast. And I LOVE the DOF Craft 5x milling unit. Learning the flow of same da...read moreThis company is genuinely amazing. Amazingly good products, but the thing that sets them apart is the support. Frank and Sean have answered any questions I have unbelievably fast. And I LOVE the DOF Craft 5x milling unit. Learning the flow of same day milling was tricky for me, but they held my hand the whole way. Can’t go wrong here.read less - 1/06/2024
Travis Kendall
This scanner is amazing! It’s hard to believe that it is less then half the price of 3 shape with zero yearly charges. I highly recommend you give it a try! - 10/09/2019
Service at CAD-Ray has been really great. About 6 months ago I purchased a Medit i700 scanner from them and have been really happy with it. Fortunately, I haven’t run into many problems, but if I need help they are so easy and friendly to work with. ...read moreService at CAD-Ray has been really great. About 6 months ago I purchased a Medit i700 scanner from them and have been really happy with it. Fortunately, I haven’t run into many problems, but if I need help they are so easy and friendly to work with. When my scanner did stop working, they quickly got me set up with a new one. If I have a computer question, they offer to log in and look at the computer with you. If you’re in the market for an intraoral scanner or any of their other products, I encourage you to talk with them to meet your goals. Thanks CAD-Ray!read less - 11/04/2022
Page Barden
I have just recently purchased the Medit i700, and although it is "on its way" I have to comment on the support that I have already received, especially from Nick. He walked me through the benefits and features of the scanner and the transaction was...read moreI have just recently purchased the Medit i700, and although it is "on its way" I have to comment on the support that I have already received, especially from Nick. He walked me through the benefits and features of the scanner and the transaction was extremely easy. I can only think that the rest of the onboarding will be the same and in six months I will revisit this site and be extremely grateful I made the purchase.read less - 12/09/2021
Fantastic scanner and best company to buy from. They make sure you are happy with your product. Armen, Frank, and team are the best. High recommendations for CADRAY and the i500. - 7/18/2020
Worked with Laura and she is incredibly knowledgeable. She gave me all the right advice and steered me in the right direction. Her ongoing support is as good as it gets. I feel like I have a 24 hour team at my beckoning call. For the meat and pot...read moreWorked with Laura and she is incredibly knowledgeable. She gave me all the right advice and steered me in the right direction. Her ongoing support is as good as it gets. I feel like I have a 24 hour team at my beckoning call. For the meat and potatoes. I got an Icam 4D from her and now I am printing all on 4 arches same day surgery at our practice in Denver(NUSET). We are going to put ICams and Trios’ in all our offices thanks to Laura and the Cad-Ray team. If you have any questions about the workflow and the success we are having with the Digital work flow call Laura and I will help you succeed with her product support.Thank you Laura and Cad-Ray!read less - 4/28/2022
Ponciano Melo
If your planning to buy dental oral scanner look for Jon. He will give you a great deal. He is very friendly and knowledgeable about the advantage of Medit I500. AGAIN, Don't forget to look for Jon for your next oral scanner. I highly recommend this ...read moreIf your planning to buy dental oral scanner look for Jon. He will give you a great deal. He is very friendly and knowledgeable about the advantage of Medit I500. AGAIN, Don't forget to look for Jon for your next oral scanner. I highly recommend this guy.read less - 1/09/2021
Shant Aharonian
Cad-ray has to be the best company to work with when it comes to digital dentistry solutions. Here are the reasons why:
1. Experience. Everyone in the company has extensive experience in dentistry. They have used all digital platforms and offer cust...read moreCad-ray has to be the best company to work with when it comes to digital dentistry solutions. Here are the reasons why:
1. Experience. Everyone in the company has extensive experience in dentistry. They have used all digital platforms and offer customers first hand experience.
2. Honesty. Based on their experience they share all the good/bad of different systems. They work with you to find a solution that works best for you. Not sell you the piece of the equipment that gives them the biggest commission.
3. Support. Cad-ray offers the missing piece of the dentist/digital manufacturer puzzle. Many other distributors sell you a piece of equipment but don’t have true day-to-day experience with that equipment. Cad-ray’s team openly share their expertise to help customers optimize their workflows with great technology.
4. Passion. The Cad-ray team is extremely passionate about their craft. They truly believe in what they have to offer.
I took Armen Mirzayan’s course on intraoral scanning and it was truly mind blowing. Armen’s insights will help any dentist optimize their craft. I purchased the full sprintray 3d printing ecosystem the help of Frank. I plan to purchase more equipment from cad-ray.
Also, Jesse is a genius in regards to all aspect of digital workflows. I’m truly grateful for this company and everyone who I’ve worked with so far.read less - 10/07/2022
Sherif Gabr
I have been suing the Medit i500 scanner for a little over 2 months now and I have had great success. I have used it for implant cases, immediate dentures and single unit crowns.
What I like the most is that the software is continuously improving ...read moreI have been suing the Medit i500 scanner for a little over 2 months now and I have had great success. I have used it for implant cases, immediate dentures and single unit crowns.
What I like the most is that the software is continuously improving and adding new features.
You really can not ask for more than that! Great product, excellent support and a software development team that listens to their customers feedback!
Very happy with my purchase!!!read less - 2/26/2020
I’d like to tell you a story about CAD-Ray.com.I ordered a VHF N4+ from CadRay. About two weeks after the order was placed, they called me up and said, “VHF just got an exclusive with “The Big Boys” so they are cutting ties with all the little indepe...read moreI’d like to tell you a story about CAD-Ray.com.I ordered a VHF N4+ from CadRay. About two weeks after the order was placed, they called me up and said, “VHF just got an exclusive with “The Big Boys” so they are cutting ties with all the little independent distributors. They just called us, and we just found out. What this means is that we won’t be able to provide you service after purchasing the VHF mill that you just bought.”Now, they could have just left it at that. They could have said, “Sorry, it’s out of our hands.” They could have said, “We appreciate your business, but it’s not our fault.” They could have said, “That’s the way the cookie crumbles.”But they didn’t.Frank Weinstein calls me up and tells me that they want to make this right, so they are going to hook me up with a brand new Imes Coritec One+ for the same price as the VHF. The Coritec One+ is like the Mercedes of mills for in-office. This is the new model that just barely came out. It is a 5 axis mill. It does wet and dry milling. It does blocks and pucks. It mills all materials know to man, including Vibranium. It can also fly the space shuttle, and make all your wishes and dreams come true. It’s that good. It came with the laptop, Exocad, all the tools, and all the bells and whistles. It came fully loaded. It came white glove delivered to my office. It came with in office training. It came with the extra bur package. It came with everything and the kitchen sink.So, I paid 36k for a mill, and because of something that was not Cad-Rays fault, they ended up giving me a 60k mill for the same price.In the words of the great Tony Stark: “That’s how Dad did it. That’s how Cad-Ray does it. And it’s worked out pretty well so far.”Thank you Frank Weinstein and Armen Mirzayan for having outstanding customer service and going the extra mile every time.read less - 4/09/2021
Buddy “BTay” Taylor
I600 - so far its great! - 8/23/2022
Michael White
Everyone I have dealt with during the process of buying my new N4 VHF mill (which by the way is fantastic) last year to buying a new iMedit 500 scanner. Having the open type system has been a God send. No more held hostage by the 2 main systems us ...read moreEveryone I have dealt with during the process of buying my new N4 VHF mill (which by the way is fantastic) last year to buying a new iMedit 500 scanner. Having the open type system has been a God send. No more held hostage by the 2 main systems us same day crown dentists have had to deal with for years. Cad-ray made the financing a snap and the post customer support is unbelievable. Thank you everyone at Cad-Rayread less - 5/12/2020
Preston Poole
Great company with even better customer service. Premier dental business with digital dentistry and scanners! - 11/03/2022
A C
Kaila and Laura were amazing to work with. I would not hesitate to buy again from them. Super helpful/available and one of the best experiences I’ve had making such a big investment in equipment like I had to make for my practice. Way to go Cad Ray f...read moreKaila and Laura were amazing to work with. I would not hesitate to buy again from them. Super helpful/available and one of the best experiences I’ve had making such a big investment in equipment like I had to make for my practice. Way to go Cad Ray for running a solid business!read less - 11/15/2024
Thanh Huynh
I am beyond impressed with Destaney and Cad-Ray! Despite accidentally throwing away my old scanner, which I was supposed to return, their team went above and beyond to advocate for me. Their exceptional support and understanding turned a stressful si...read moreI am beyond impressed with Destaney and Cad-Ray! Despite accidentally throwing away my old scanner, which I was supposed to return, their team went above and beyond to advocate for me. Their exceptional support and understanding turned a stressful situation into a seamless experience. Highly recommend!read less - 8/02/2024
Lisa Greenstein
Exceptional customer service - 7/26/2023
Yuriy Yakubov
Got Medit scanner from CAD-ray 5 months ago. Today got help from Rayan. Rayan has a lot of patience ,explained everything I asked him . Absolutly satisfied. Great service, great support. - 10/19/2023
Bio Solution
Very great company, especially Frank. He is very helpful and has saved us a lot of money on resin for our 3D printers. We've recently bought a new scanner and Exocad software. He has been very gracious and quick to respond with the many questions I h...read moreVery great company, especially Frank. He is very helpful and has saved us a lot of money on resin for our 3D printers. We've recently bought a new scanner and Exocad software. He has been very gracious and quick to respond with the many questions I have had. Highly recommend Cad-Rayread less - 1/25/2023
Stephen S
Choosing an digital intraoral scanner these days can be quite a daunting task. When I reached out to CAD-Ray, as was recommended by many colleagues, I was connected to Frank DeLuca, and he made my decision-making process very simple. Upon receiving...read moreChoosing an digital intraoral scanner these days can be quite a daunting task. When I reached out to CAD-Ray, as was recommended by many colleagues, I was connected to Frank DeLuca, and he made my decision-making process very simple. Upon receiving my 3shape Trios 4 scanner, Frank and the entire tech support team/customer service were very helpful every step of the way. Frank makes himself available when he can in order to address all of the questions I have regarding the digital workflow. I highly recommend CAD-Ray. It will make your transition to digital scanning a positive experience.read less - 1/24/2023
Reid Stone
I cannot say enough good things about Cad-Ray and the people involved with this organization. I have purchased equipment over the past few years from them and always been amazed at the non-pushy before the sale help and the after the sale support. ...read moreI cannot say enough good things about Cad-Ray and the people involved with this organization. I have purchased equipment over the past few years from them and always been amazed at the non-pushy before the sale help and the after the sale support. I have been deciding for the last 2 years to make a big purchase of a mill and sintering furnace and Jon has never made me feel like I was bothering him and never pushed me just to try to get a sale. It really is different from other sales experiences I've had with other companies/sales people.Jesse came out and installed and provided training for our new mill and sintering furnace. He went above and beyond what I was expecting to make sure myself and my team knew how everything works during the training. He has also been great with questions we have had since the installation. I just cannot say enough good things about my experience all around and will definitely be a Cad-Ray customer for many years to come. Thank you Cad-Ray!read less - 6/15/2022
Franco Picofazzi
Great product at an affordable price, not to mention Andy's help at customer service. Highly recommended. - 6/23/2022
Best support ever. They are super responsive when a problem occurred, and immediately set up a support ticket with the vendor who contacted me within the hour to help me to solve the problem. - 7/27/2023
Evelyn Chan
Going with CAD-RAY and Laura is one of best investment I've made year 2020 ( I have MEDIT 500). Jumping into scanning is something that intimidated me since I am not a techie person and taking PVS impression is something second nature to me. Laur...read moreGoing with CAD-RAY and Laura is one of best investment I've made year 2020 ( I have MEDIT 500). Jumping into scanning is something that intimidated me since I am not a techie person and taking PVS impression is something second nature to me. Laura made everything a breeze, she is very accomodating and most importantly responds so fast, I never felt left out. Attending the level 1 course of Armen M. was awesome , learned the basics and it was taught in a way so easy to apply. Since my first scan, I never looked back, thinking to myself , I should have done this earlier. The crowns comes back with little to no adjustements which saves a lot of chair time. Cannot get better than this. Big shout out to CAD-RAY, Laura and Armenread less - 10/19/2021
Armen created series of these very helpful videos. They helped us tremendously in breaking into the new scanner we purchased. No matter you just got into digital dentistry or you are quite experienced with different fields of data acquiring or treatm...read moreArmen created series of these very helpful videos. They helped us tremendously in breaking into the new scanner we purchased. No matter you just got into digital dentistry or you are quite experienced with different fields of data acquiring or treatment planning, you will find those being tremendous help.read less - 5/24/2020
Nothing but great things to say about Cad-Ray! Excellent customer support from Laura after the purchase of our Medit i500 and the cart from Damien. I’ve been very impressed with the Medit in restoring crown and bridge, as well as fixed hybrids, and...read moreNothing but great things to say about Cad-Ray! Excellent customer support from Laura after the purchase of our Medit i500 and the cart from Damien. I’ve been very impressed with the Medit in restoring crown and bridge, as well as fixed hybrids, and learning more of its capabilities each day. We have intentions to buy a second Medit shortly and will definitely be using Cad-ray again.read less - 12/13/2021
Archstone Weatherford
Medit i700 intraoral scanner is the first scanner that I actually used on my patients. Before I put my hands on it, I had some prejudices against all scanners. They were bulky, laggy in capturing the images, etc. When I finally had the chance to use ...read moreMedit i700 intraoral scanner is the first scanner that I actually used on my patients. Before I put my hands on it, I had some prejudices against all scanners. They were bulky, laggy in capturing the images, etc. When I finally had the chance to use an intraoral scanner and get introductory training with Laura from CAD-RAY a few weeks ago, I totally changed my view of this product. Very soon, I was able to scan crown, bridge, and even denture cases. Of course, I have had some knowledge about the digital scanner from CEs provided in the past, but being able to apply it in the daily practice in such a short time was beyond my expectations. I would highly recommend MEDIT i700 and training from CAD-RAY.
Big thanks to Laura!
-Lei Fu, D.D.S.read less - 9/12/2021
The D.I.Y. Medit i500 package was right for me. I bought a nice gaming PC for my 2 operative rooms, downloaded the software, watched some videos, and started scanning. It's really easy to use, my crowns fit better with fewer adjustments, and they cos...read moreThe D.I.Y. Medit i500 package was right for me. I bought a nice gaming PC for my 2 operative rooms, downloaded the software, watched some videos, and started scanning. It's really easy to use, my crowns fit better with fewer adjustments, and they cost less because they are made model-less and without impression materials. I will start to see a return on investment in less than 2 years and it makes my work more fun, and I can deliver better results. Armen puts on a 2 day course which is very helpful to refine your technique. Start with watching the videos, scan your employees, and then use it on patients. I considered buying an iTero Element 2 and I'm so glad I didn't. The Medit is smaller, as good or better, and it costs ~$25,000 less over the course of 5 years. Ongoing fees for other scanners are a joke. Medit keeps providing updates that make the software even better and there are no additional charges.read less - 3/29/2020